Filter Media

Carbon has been used as an adsorbent for centuries early uses of carbon were reported for water filtration and for sugar solution purification. Activated carbons ability to remove a large variety of compounds from contaminated waters has led to its increased use in the last thirty years. Recent changes in water discharge standards regarding toxic pollutants has placed additional emphasis on this technology.

Adsorption:

Adsorption is a natural process by which molecules of a dissolved compound collect on and adhere to the surface of an adsorbent solid. Adsorption occurs when the attractive forces at the carbon
surface overcome the attractive forces of the liquid. Granular activated carbon is a particularly good adsorbent medium due to its high surface area to volume ratio. One gram of a typical commercial activated carbon will have a surface area equivalent to 1,000 square meters. This high surface area permits the accumulation of a large number of contaminant molecules.

Adsorption Capacity:

the specific capacity of a granular activated carbon to adsorb organic compounds is related to:molecular surface attraction, the total surface area available per unit weight of carbon, and the concentration of contaminants in the wastewater stream.

Application of Granular Activated Carbon:

• Effluent Treatment Plant
• Groundwater Remediation
• Process Water Treatment
• Municipal Water Treatment
• Waste Water Treatment For Reduction in the Level of Bod & Cod
• Catalyst in Chemical-Metallurgical Industries & Petroleum Refineries
• Swimming Pools & Soft Drink Plant For De-Chlorination
• Purification of Drinking Water & Industrial Gas
• Solvent & Gold Recovery
• Glycol Purification And Recycling
• Absorption Of Dissolved Organic Matter
• Water & Gas Mask Filters
• Odour Control
• Breweries & Distilleries
• Colour Removal

Manganese Greensand is formulated from a glauconitic greensand which is capable of reducing iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide from water through oxidation and filtration. Soluble iron and manganese are oxidized and precipitated by contact with higher oxides of manganese on the greensand granules. The hydrogen sulfide is reduced by oxidation to an insoluble sulfur precipitate. Precipitates are then filtered and removed by backwashing. When the oxidizing capacity power of the Manganese Greensand bed is exhausted, the bed has to be regenerated with a weak potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution thus restoring the oxidizing capacity of the bed. 1 ½ to 2 ounces of potassium permanganate, in solution, per cubic foot of Manganese Greensand is considered sufficient for normal regeneration. It is required to vigorously backwash and regenerate the bed when it is placed in service and before its oxidation capacity is totally exhausted. Operating the bed after oxidation capacity is exhausted will reduce its service life and may cause staining.

Manganese Greensand:

• Color: Purple-black
• Density: 39 kg per cubic foot
• Specific Gravity: Approx. 2.4
• Screen Grading: Approx. 18 x 60 mesh
• Size: 0.30 to 0.35 millimeters
• pH Range: 6.2 – 8.5

Manganese dioxide is used to remove iron and manganese from drinking water by a process of catalytic oxidation.

Physical Characteristics:




Chemical Properties:

Natural manganese ores specially selected for their high catalytic activity, free from contamination and with no additives, are used in the production of this manganese dioxide. The manganese content varies between 55 and 85% as MnO2, but the catalytic activity is not dependent upon the manganese content.

Uses:

Removal of Arsenic, Iron, Manganese, and heavy metals from potable water and water intended for bottling, brewing or soft drink manufacturing.

Filter Sand and Gravel are naturally occurring, river washed, glacial deposit products. Their excellent chemical properties - high in silica content and low in soluble calcium, magnesium and iron compounds - meet industrial standard specifications. Precision sizing and uniform grading to close limits meet the rigid specifications of professional engineers throughout the world. These products have been specified and used nationally and internationally because of their high quality, desirable chemical properties, color, and wide range of precision sizing.
Filter Sand is graded specifically for water filtration plants. It can be used in municipal, industrial or residential applications for sediment filtration.

Uncrushed Gravel has a highly spherical shape that promotes good flow and even distribution in support beds. Gravel is low in soluble impurities and it will maintain the quality of the treated water, especially in softeners. Three inch layers are recommended in graded support beds.